There are about 500,000 Roma—“gypsies”—living in Romania. This is about 4.5% of the population. These are a proud people with a very distinctive and colorful culture, many with very limited opportunities in this modern world. If the Roma people should be brought into the 21st century, and it is not clear that this is the right thing to do, it is possible to do this while retaining their unique traditions and way of life?